The null hypothesis is the claim that there’s no effect in the population. However, the hypotheses can also be phrased in a general way that applies to any test. Each type of statistical test comes with a specific way of phrasing the null and alternative hypothesis. You can use a statistical test to decide whether the evidence favors the null or alternative hypothesis. It’s critical for your research to write strong hypotheses. Often, we infer whether there’s an effect in the population by looking at differences between groups or relationships between variables in the sample. ![]() That’s because the goal of hypothesis testing is to make inferences about a population based on a sample. The null and alternative are always claims about the population. The alternative hypothesis ( H a) answers “Yes, there is an effect in the population.”.The null hypothesis ( H 0) answers “No, there’s no effect in the population.”.When the research question asks “Does the independent variable affect the dependent variable?”: ![]() ![]() The null and alternative hypotheses offer competing answers to your research question.
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